Simple intuition
Superposition is a way of describing possibility before measurement. Measurement does not read out a hidden classical answer; it produces an outcome using the probabilities encoded in the state.
Precise explanation
If a qubit is in alpha|0⟩ + beta|1⟩, then a measurement in the computational basis returns 0 with probability |alpha|² and 1 with probability |beta|². After that measurement, the post-measurement state matches the observed outcome.
Example or analogy
Example: applying Hadamard to |0⟩ creates (|0⟩ + |1⟩)/√2. Running many shots gives roughly half 0 and half 1, even though each individual run gives only one result.
Common misconception
Superposition does not mean you can directly read out many answers from one measurement. You still get one ordinary result per measurement. The advantage comes from how amplitudes evolve before measurement.